YOUR LEADERSHIP PHILOSOPHY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

YOUR LEADERSHIP PHILOSOPHY - Essay Example For a pioneer, it is essential to uncover the workers in different zones of worry outside the workplace. Examination experts contend that escaping the workplace is one of the manners by which the employees’ resolve can be helped. This makes the laborers progressively eager in their occupations, and increasingly occupied with their everyday undertakings (Posner and Kouzes, 2010). For example, outside the field, it is crucial that the mariners are allowed to work outside the workplace and communicate with people in general. In any case, this is just conceivable if the director offers them a chance to show duty and risk in their occupations. This will limit the odds of unfortunate behavior, since the mariners are considered responsible for their activities. For a pioneer, connection with the youngsters is crucial if the business is to flourish. This may involve messing with the youngsters, a perspective that not just forms compatibility between the business and the representatives yet in addition makes a positive bond between the two gatherings. From the contextual investigation, it is obvious that there is a colossal issue regarding order and obligation in the Navy framework. The officials are known to be of nothing but bad gauge, consistently off base because of penetrate of rules. In the event that the youngsters and seniors got an opportunity to interface, It would be conceivable to host a bond shaping between the gatherings, and, eventually, limiting the weights of the activity. Thirdly, both the expert and individual objectives of a pioneer must be adjusted if their group is to succeed. For our situation, the pioneer may embrace the arrangement of having individual time with an alternate mariner consistently. This would take into consideration the pioneer to comprehend the issues of their subordinates on a direct premise. For example, this would help in revealing the explanations for the leaders breaking the Navy ethos and legitimization of their activities at any occasion. Likely, such workers need some consideration and steady recognition for the activity that they do.

Battle of Thermopylae

The ascent of the Achaemenid Empire in the sixth century BC is covered in fog of days of yore. It sprang in the locale incorporating present day southern Iran and Iraq. A dissimilar gathering of clans of Indo-European inception filling in as vassals to the Medes controlled the locale east of Tigris from their capital Ecbatana (close Hamadan). Here, around 650 BC the religion of Zoroastrianism was established joining the masses as an illuminated people into a political force.In 559 BC an ardent Zoroastrian, Cyrus turned into the leader of a dark clan and he set about joining the other into a battling power and in five years he had crushed the Medes and vanquished all Persia. Lydia in Asia Minor and Babylon before long followed and when he passed on, as Cyrus the Great in 529 BC had established the Persian Empire. After his demise, his child Cambyses vanquished Egypt in 525 BC. For sure, the development had been fast to such an extent that uprisings jumped up and it fell upon Cambysesà ¢â‚¬â„¢s child Darius (The Great) to control these uprisings and establishment satrapies or self-overseeing states over the empire.It was sheer authoritative virtuoso, military arranging with a humanistic view that changed unique clans into an impressive force to be reckoned with. By the fifth century Persian force reached out from the waterway Indus to the shores of Mediterranean, North Africa, Thrace, Greece and Macedonia on the European mainland. Following the breakdown of the Mycenaean human advancement enormous quantities of Greeks moved to Asia Minor and noteworthy among them were three innate gatherings, Aeolians, Dorian and Ionians who settled around Lydia and Caria building up twelve urban areas which made up Ionia.These were autonomous states yet they all recognized a typical legacy. They appreciated this status till they were vanquished by the Lydian King Croesus. The Ionians were welcomed by Cyrus the Great to defy Lydian rule which was turned down constraining Cyrus to overcome Ionia in 540 BC and from that point to be controlled by neighborhood satraps. During the standard of Darius the Great in 499 BC the urban communities of Ionia were actuated to resistance to the despots speaking to Persian principle and in 498 BC the Ionians with help from Athens and Eretria decimated Sardis inciting the Persians into unequivocally beating them at the clash of Ephesus.The Ionian Rebellion was the main significant clash between the Greeks and the Persian Empire. Asia Minor was repressed however Darius the Great considered the to be Greek states as a danger to the solidness of the Empire and was bowed after vanquishing the entire of Greece. In 492 BC as an outcome of this disobedience initial steps were taken to make sure about land courses to Greece by re-taking Thrace and constraining Macedonia to turn into a customer territory of Persia. In 491 BC Darius sent emissaries to Greek urban areas looking for their submission.Most conformed to the terms yet Athens put the envoys to death and in Sparta they were tossed down a well. In this way the two urban communities were currently adequately at war with Persia. Darius next dispatched a power which attacked and annihilated Noxos and Eretria and afterward faced a boundlessly dwarfed Athenian armed force at Marathon. The following skirmish of Marathon was a surprising triumph for Athens bringing about the withdrawal of the power to Asia Minor. A significant battle against Greece was presently in readiness when Darius passed on in 486 BC leaving child Xerxes I in command.A resistance in Egypt deferred progress on this front and arrangements continued once the disobedience had been suppressed. By mid 480 BC Xerxes was prepared and walked his military over the Hellespont to Europe utilizing boat spans. Spartans and Athenians were additionally getting ready for war and in 481 BC the Congress of Corinth was held at which confederation of the city states was shaped and they believed that the intrud er would need to cross the limited go at Thermopylae on approach to southern Greece, which could be obstructed by a littler force.Furthermore, to forestall Persians bypassing Thermopylae via ocean a maritime flotilla accumulated to square waterway of Artemisium. It was August when the Persians showed up. This is a season when the Spartans praise the celebration of Carneia and the Olympic games. A period of ceasefire, during which war is taboo yet the criticalness of the circumstance convinced King Leonides I of Sparta to take 300 illustrious guardians and bolster troops as a development campaign to hinder the pass and anticipate the appearance of the fundamental Spartan army.According to history specialist Herodotus the Spartans had counseled the Oracle of Delphi, (The high priestess of the Temple of Apollo at Delphi, Pythia) was credited with forces of prescience O ye men who abide in the lanes of wide Lacedaemon! Either your wonderful town will be sacked by the offspring of Perseu s, Or, in return, should all through the entire Laconian nation Mourn for the departure of a ruler, relative of incredible Heracles (Rawlinson interpretation of Herodotus VII, 242) with regards to this prediction Leonides I was persuaded he was setting off to certain death.Once the Persians were located the Allies chose to hold fast at Thermopylae. The Persians offered give up terms and asked the Greeks to set out their weapons to which Leonides 1 is said to have reacted â€Å"come and get them† (Holland, p269â€270). The Persians had marshaled a staggering power despite the fact that antiquarians don’t appear to concur on an exact number. Current researchers gauges differ from 25,000 (Hans Delbruck) to 100,000 - 200,000 (Ulrich Wilcken and Tom Holland). There were 11,000 - 12,000 Greeks in a joined force.Five days in the wake of showing up Xerxes propelled a frontal assault. The Greeks framed a phalanx of covering shields and layered lance focuses over the width of the pass preventing the Persians from getting through. This demonstrated best as the wicker shields and shorter lances of the Persians forestalled a successful commitment. On the second day as well, the Persians fared no better however soon thereafter the Persians found support from a double crosser in finding a mountain way round the pass accordingly out-flanking and surrounding the Greeks.Some recommended withdrawal, yet Leonides made plans to remain with the Spartans at the Pass framing a back watchman to empower other unified contingents to pull back. At sunrise on the third day the Allies approached to the more extensive piece of the go to connect with the Persians. They battled with lances and short blades and Leonides 1 likewise died in this ambush. From that point the Persian encompassed the Greeks and poured down volley after volley of bolts opening up the go to the Persians who continued to consume and sack refers to which had not submitted. Xerxes then withdrew back to As ia leaving a Satrap to finish the conquest.Thermopylae was without a doubt a destruction for the Allies yet is apparently the most celebrated clash of European antiquated history. References Bradford, Ernle (2004). Thermopylae: The Battle for the West. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0306813602. Cartledge, Paul (2006). Thermopylae: The Battle That Changed the World. Woodstock, New York: The Overlook Press. ISBN 1585675660. Green, Peter (1996). The Greco-Persian Wars. College of California Press. ISBN 0520203135. Pressfield, Steven (1998). Entryways of Fire: An Epic Novel of the Battle of Thermopylae. Doubleday. ISBN 0385492910.

MIT Regular Action Deadline Taking Questions

MIT Regular Action Deadline Taking Questions Please remember that January 1 is the submission deadline for students applying for regular action admission to MIT. This means that you should you should click the final submit button of your online application on or before January 1. If you are applying on paper, have the Post Office postmark and mail your materials on or before January 1. However, I strongly discourage procrastination. The closer you send in your application to the deadline, the longer it will take our records office to process and for it to appear on your Application Tracking. Our records office is fully staffed over the holidays and is, even as I write, busily processing all of the application pieces that have been submitted. Also, please note that you do not need to express mail or overnight your application. I especially encourage students who live outside the United States to submit their applications as soon as possible. I encourage you not to wait until the very last moment to submit your application. If your application is ready to go, click that button, or stamp that mail! I hope these blogs have been very helpful to you as the regular action deadline approaches. Check out the archive if you havent already, including questions answers. For questions we havent yet answered, please leave your query in the comments of this entry. On Thursday, Ill be going through the questions posted in this entrys comments and answering them, before taking a quick vacation to celebrate the new year (and then starting the regular action process soon after). So, even if youve posted your question in a different entrys comments, I hope youll post it again here so I can collect the questions altogether. Happy Boxing Day!

Phoenixs Hardships and Racism in A Worn Path Essay

â€Å"A Worn Path† tells of an elderly and frail black woman and of the hardships that she must overcome. Upon reading the story, you realize that there is more to the story than meets the eye. She faces many roadblocks along her way. Phoenix faces many dangerous obstacles along her way, for a person of her age. She faces racism from some of characters she meets along the way. Phoenix faces inferior treatment, as though she is nothing more than some insect to squash. This story is about not only her ‘journey’ to Natchez, but also about her journey through society and the struggle to overcome the dangers, being treated inferior, and the racism. It’s December when Phoenix starts on her journey to Natchez and it is a journey she has taken†¦show more content†¦She runs the risk of having that barbwire slash though her dress and cut her back to pieces. , if she was to get caught going under that fence, the consequences she faced could have been death . The obstacles on the path to Natchez were dangerous and Phoenix could have suffered serious injury. Any kind of injury suffered out in the open and alone like she was in the middle of the winter could have resulted in death. However, it is in the end that the reader sees just how precious her journey is and for the lover of her grandson moves Phoenix to town. It is the same type of unfair obstacles that Phoenix must have dealt with her entire life. Yet she made it through them all un-harmed and her spirit still intact. Phoenix lived in a society where racism was still running strong. Yet she faced and dealt with that every day of her life. As an African-American slave, she would have toil in the fields, wondering if she would still be alive by the time the sun was setting. Phoenix is visible shaken with a run a scarecrow she believed to be a ghost. She says to image, Ghost, she said sharply, who be you the ghost of? For I have heard of nary death close by† (Welty 24).Slave mothers would often show that same fear as they watched the shadows return from the field; wondering if their loved ones were still alive or was going to come home unharmed. Phoenix faced those same fears as a mother and grandmother. If Phoenix was caught in theShow MoreRelatedA Worn Path Analysis944 Words   |  4 PagesThe short story A Worn Path, is around an old African American woman named Phoenix Jackson who makes an arduous trip into town needing prescription for her sick grandson. Amid her outing she talks resoundingly to herself in an urging way to bear the troublesome trek. She has made this trek commonly some time recently, yet this one appears to be essentially harder to oversee. After her daring endeavors and love for her lone grandson, she is effective at recovering the solution. Shockingly, the creatorRead MoreA Worn Path By Eudora Welty Essay1217 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"A Worn Path† by Eudora Welty is the story of an elderly African-American woman named Phoenix Jackson. It takes place in Natchez, Mississippi, in December 1940. The story is about Phoenix’s difficult quest to get medication for her sick grandson. On her journey, she endures various hardships such as walking to the city on a cold December morning and being humiliated while on her journey. On this difficult journey, Phoenix encounters both impolite people and others who are willing to lend a handRead More Overcoming the Odds in Eudora Weltys A Worn Path Essay1913 Words   |  8 Pages In the short story, A Worn Path Eudora Weltys plot is not all that clear in the beginning, but progresses as her character carries on against the overwhelming forces against her. In this short story a black elderly woman, Phoenix Jackson, must overcome the odds against her as she valiantly travels through many obstacles in order to contribute to the wellness of her grandson, for whom she is making this trip down a worn path. It is at this point that all of Weltys readers hearts openRead MoreSymbolism in A Worn Path By Eudora Welty1096 Words   |  5 Pagesjust weren’t advancing economically. A Worn Path by Eudora Welty is a story about an old African American woman named Phoenix Jackson who takes a journey along a path with manifold of dangerous objects. Phoenix Jackson takes the journey thru the path because her grandson drank liquid named lye and got sick from his throat. Phoenix Jackson makes her journey thru the path to go to the doctor’s office to get some medicin e. As Phoenix Jackson walks thru the path she encounters a lot of animals like foxesRead MoreThe Journey: Symbolism of â€Å"a Worn Path† and â€Å"the Road Not Taken† Final2218 Words   |  9 PagesThe Journey: Symbolism of â€Å"A Worn Path† and â€Å"The Road Not Taken† Expedition. Voyage. Excursion. Pilgrimage. There are many words that are used to describe the word journey but what does it really mean? Many people consider the word journey as merely a distance in which they have traveled or will eventually travel; often they fail to recognize that there can be great meaning beyond each step that is taken. Too often, people become more focused on the destination rather than the processRead MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12166 Words   |  49 PagesA Worn Path by Eudora Welty Copyright Notice  ©1998−2002;  ©2002 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of The Gale Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Gale and Design ® and Thomson Learning are trademarks used herein under license.  ©2007 eNotes.com LLC ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution or information storageRead MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12173 Words   |  49 PagesA Worn Path by Eudora Welty Copyright Notice  ©1998−2002;  ©2002 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of The Gale Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Gale and Design ® and Thomson Learning are trademarks used herein under license.  ©2007 eNotes.com LLC ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution or information storageRead MoreSymbolism in A Worn Path by Eudora Welty1818 Words   |  8 Pageslevel by showing us how each character feels in additional it can make a person or even an objects stand out a whole lot more. In Eudora Welty they used symbolism in many different ways that you can even notice them right away. In Eudora Welty ‘A Worn Path’ is a short story where symbols are found everywhere throughout many places where you read. This short story is about an old woman named Phoenix Jackson whom was a black African American that was compared to a mythical Arabian bird, and actually

Benefits And Benefits Of Employee Satisfaction - 1611 Words

Benefits play a major role towards employee satisfaction and how they behave in an organization. Employee satisfaction is necessary for the success of any organization. Keeping employee satisfaction should be a priority for every employer. There are many reasons why an employee can become discouraged with their jobs. Some include: lack of communication within the organization, high stress levels, lack of recognition, or limit opportunity for growth. Health insurance is one benefit in the foundation of a comprehensive employee benefit package. Health insurance is an insurance policy that will pay to cover medical treatments or expenses. This also includes dental and vision insurance. â€Å"According to healthinsurance.org, of the Americans who†¦show more content†¦The number of sick days can be based on the years with the organization and how high they stand with the organization. Paid personal days are time taken off from work that the organization provides employees. The number of days is the same as sick days which was your standing level with organization and how long they have been with them. These days can be used for voting, conferences, and even going to a healthcare professional. The paid personal days are paid at the employee’s normal base salary. Bereavement time is even under PTO. It is granted for attending funerals and burials, making funeral arrangements, dealing with possessions and wills of the deceased, and for paying respect to a family at visitation. You are usually given three days of this time for an immediate family member and one day for other relatives or friends. Organizations can give additional unpaid days if necessary. Immediate family members include: spouse, parents, grandparents, children, grandchildren, and siblings. Another benefit offered among organizations is the 401k retirement plan. It is a plan for employees to accumulate retirement income and is the most flexible type of retirement plan. It shows that the employers care about and value your employees with a means for them to plan their future and encourages employees to save for retirement. It has tax advantages for both employers and employees including tax deferred growth for the employee and tax-deductible advantages for theShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of Employee Job Satisfaction921 Words   |  4 Pages Research shows that when employers allow their employee’s to have the freedom associated with autonomy, job satisfaction rises. In theory this increase in the level of employee job satisfaction comes from the sense of greater responsibility for the quality of their work. Also, autonomy can also increase motivation and happiness, along with decreasing employee turnover. All of which can make employees perform better in their job. An example of a company that found success by giving employees completeRead MoreBenefits Of Employee Satisfaction And Retention1876 Words   |  8 PagesEmployee Satisfaction and Retention Maintaining employee satisfaction is an important part of running a successful organization in today’s fast paced economy. Satisfied employees bring innovative ideas spurring growth for companies. Without a content and motivated workforce companies face stagnation and are at risk of being out-performed by their competitors. In the modern workplace employers must invest in more than just salary to ensure employee satisfaction and retention, studies show thatRead MoreEmployee Benefit Plan Development : Employee Benefits Essay1508 Words   |  7 PagesEmployee Benefit Plan Development â€Å"Understanding your employee’s perspective can go a long way towards increasing productivity and happiness† – Kathryn Minshew, founder of The Muse. In today’s highly competitive and robust job market, benefit programs have become an integral aspect of an employer’s total compensation package. In fact, an employer’s total benefit package plays just an important role in attracting and retaining talent for organizations as monetary compensation, according to a recentRead MoreEmployee Recognition1655 Words   |  7 Pages | |Subject: |Proposal to Develop and Implement an Employee Incentive/ Recognition Program | Attached is my proposal to establish a program to increase employee performance and morale. Employee satisfaction is of utmost importance for the chamber and the membership, because it is the foundation of success. The benefit of having a melting pot of new and prior employees is that it allows the chamber to focusRead MoreThe Ford Motor Company s Star Child Essay1639 Words   |  7 PagesMotor Company, 2014) And their employees are helping them do just that. Ford employees have been and will always continue to be the driving force behind Ford Motor Company. Ford Motor’s recognizes and understands that and has implemented several benefits that make Ford Motor Company an attractive and desired workplace amongst employees and potential employees. As much as Ford Motor’s has an understanding of their employee’s needs, things around them in the economy has put Ford Motor’s in some darkRead MoreHuman Resource Influences Employee Satisfaction1357 Words   |  6 Pagesabout how human resource influences employee satisfaction throughout an organization. In my assignment, I described major functions of human resource department and also main ways to make employees’ satisfaction better. As an example, I took BMO Bank and gave a description of their approaches to motivate their current and future employees and to increase their job satisfaction. 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While there are significant differences statistically between the four variables of the study, all groups concurred that pay, benefits, and recognition are vital in improving job satisfaction of employees. The results solidify the hypothesis that pay is integral to job satisfaction in all of the three countries despite varying cultures. ItRead MoreBenefits And Benefits Of Employee Benefits Essay1422 Words   |  6 Pagesor not, when the phrase employee benefits is mentioned there are many different perspectives from various angles as to what exactly employee benefits entail. Some perspectives are, but not limited to, what is deemed an employee benefit, what benefits are required by law to be given to employees, benefits that employees might feel are superior, and whether or not benefits provide value to the employer. For clarification purposes Alison Doyle offers this, â€Å"Employee benefits are non-salary compensationRead MoreJob Plan For Job Process Essay906 Words   |  4 Pagesneed to be made. Sometimes these changes may not necessarily be in the job description, but helps the worker feel a sense of satisfaction or accomplishment, but not necessaril y help the company. These changes can be the way they do their job, but also in the way they feel about their job. Job satisfaction is important to both the employee and employer. Having a satisfied employee can lead to better performance and therefore better outcome for the business overall. Employees may job craft in order

Marketing a W Free Essays

Executive Summary AW Restaurants, Inc. is a chain of fast-food restaurants that specialize in root beer and root beer floats. It is the first fast food restaurant in Singapore and expansion was fast in the early nineties, but in 2003, AW’s Singapore operations came to an end. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing a W or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many Singaporeans grew up eating AW, and that is one reason why many people are protesting for it to make a comeback in Singapore. Hence, our campaign will draw an emotional appeal, focusing on the theme, â€Å"Bringing back the good old memories†. Based on this central theme, this report covers the Public Relations, Sales Promotions, Personal Selling, Direct Marketing and Budget proposed for the nature of our campaign. A survey was conducted and given out to 80 random applicants to find out more about what they think of the organisation. Online research was also done to examine some of the risks or problems faced in the marketplace, its potential, competition, unique selling advantages and AW’s current positioning. Lastly, we have come up with creative strategies to enhance the advertising campaign. Bringing back the good old times† focuses on the old days so we will mainly be using traditional media to stay consistent to our theme. As many youngsters these days use social media to connect, we will also be using a few online methods to stay connected to the new generation. Lastly, putting into consideration the aspects of our personal selling, sales promotion, direct marketing and advertising costs, the proposed c osting for the total campaign will be approximately $137,707. IMC Objectives * Advertising To bring back AW to Singapore by creating brand awareness through focussing on our central theme, â€Å"Bringing back the good old days† and to create the likeability of amongst 80% of our target audience. * Public Relations To create interest and maintain positive image for AW by drawing as much publicity as possible, and gain huge exposure to reach out to our target audience with 30% additional publicity. * Sales promotion Uses price, coupons to help drive and increase attendance by 30% and to also encourage brand switching. Increase consumption and AW’s sales by at least 3% and to add at least 5% to overall market share by 2015. Agency Introduction Based in Singapore, APG Advertising Pte Ltd was established in 1996 providing a comprehensive range of services. We take the task of understanding the business and propose attractive promotions or campaigns, tailored to your specific industry and budget. We also help clients and our teams put more creativity into campaign planning and capable of handling a variety of advertising for business of different natures. Our teams of professionals, armed with expert knowledge of current trends in the market, embark on providing refreshing marketing ideas to kick start your businesses. We service to not only the local market, but also have our global networks, particularly to Asia, such as Malaysia, Hong Kong, Philippines, Indonesia and Thailand. APG Advertising Agency possesses skilled employees who have combined experience of over 25 years servicing to the local and international industry. We are a fully accredited service agency. We have run print ads, bus advertisements, MRT advertisements, radio/television commercials, point of sales ads, marketing brochures, brand building and have even created websites. Some of the big firms who have used our services include Bank of China, Maybank, Hyflux, Serta, etc. Accreditations from well-known Institutions * Association of Accredited Advertising Agents, Singapore (4As) * Institute of Advertising, Singapore (IAS) * Singapore Press Holdings (SPH) * MediaCorp Singapore Group (MCS) Various Campaigns (Pls refer to Appendix) * Aberdeen * Realstar * Singapore International (Motor Show) * Natas Travel Background Research Client’s Background AW Restaurants, Inc. was established in 1919 in Lodi, California, United States. It is a chain of fast-food restaurants that specialize in root beer and root beer floats. The name AW came about from the surname of the initials Roy W. Allen and Frank Wright. Hence, started the company’s humble beginnings, as AW. The first fast food restaurant in Singapore was not McDonald’s or KFC, it was AW. The chain’s expansion was fast in the early nineties, but in the late nineties, the branch at Singapore Zoo closed down, leaving Singapore with seven outlets remaining in 2002. A year later, AW’s Singapore operations came to an end after shutting down their last outlet at Hougang Heartland Mall. Being the first fast food restaurant in Singapore, AW left a huge impact on many Singaporeans as they grew up eating AW. Long before MacDonald, KFC and Burger King came into the picture, it was the most favourite among the teens. It was seen to be â€Å"cool† hanging out in AW restaurant. Whether it was an easy takeaway (AW drive through), indulging in fast food, or giving a good treat to pamper oneself, AW was always there. Hence, many Singaporeans yearn for AW to make a comeback. On Facebook, there are many pages created by fans, called â€Å"Like to bring back AW in Singapore†, â€Å"Bring back AW restaurant in Singapore† and many other pages that support AW into coming back to Singapore. The pages have over 18,000 likes and every now and then, fans would post comments on the wall asking when they are making a comeback or why have they left. Whenever Singaporeans visit Malaysia or Batam, the first thing they think of is to visit the nearest AW restaurant as well. This shows evidence that AW has left a huge impression despite drowning due to intense competition. Demand is undoubtedly high and the memories AW created for its customers is so strong that people are protesting for it to come back until today. Situation Analysis Problems/Risks faced in the Marketplace a) Problems * Viewed as â€Å"Unhealthy Junk Food† Being a fast food restaurant chain, AW is perceived as unhealthy and customers may see it as â€Å"just another fast food restaurant†. Because their menu contains fatty food such as Burger, Chicken, Hot Dogs, French Fries, Nuggets, Ice Cream, Milkshakes etc, it may turn customers off as they do not provide a variety of healthy alternative options. Being a family oriented restaurant, it is important that AW first convince adults or parents to choose their dining experience to be at AW because they are the ones that have the buying power to bring their children to the restaurant. Hence, if adults or parents are convinced that the food offered by AW is generally unhealthy or simply seen as â€Å"junk food†, they will not consider bringing their family to dine there regularly, unless for rare treats. * Considered relatively small compared to competitors In 2003, AW was acquired by YUM! Brands. Currently for AW, there are over 1,200 restaurants including 350 international stores in 16 countries and territories. Comparing this figure to other YUM! ’s flagship stores, KFC has about 17,000 restaurants worldwide. McDonald’s has over 34,000 stores worldwide, while Subway has 35,000 locations around the world. With contrast to the other competitors, AW is relatively small. b) Risks * Of being shut down due to fierce competitions In 1966, AW launched their first business at Dunearn Road, near the former University of Singapore’s Bukit Timah Campus. The chain was expanding fast, but due to fierce competitions from other fast food competitors, it eventually closed down in 2003. Thus, it is a risk to bring back AW to Singapore as it has been shut down previously due to intense competition. * Of having inability to handle high cost due to small size Given AW’s size, there is a risk of the company not being able to handle the high cost as compared to competitors. Because they are relatively small in comparison to other fast food chain outlets, food inventory, logistics, transportation and other cost may come in as an issue while for ompetitors it is not an issue as they already have many outlets spread in Singapore. Potential The first AW store opened in Singapore in 1966. Back then, people were more conservative and health conscious which led to one of the reasons why AW closed down in Singapore in the early 2000s. However, times have changed. Singaporeans these days are much affluent than they used to be. The younger genera tion is more career-oriented and this leads to more people eating out as they often work overtime. In the current fast-paced society, demand for more  convenient meals is also increasing. Although awareness of the importance of proper diet increased, fast-food, snacks and soft-drink  consumption is also still on the rise. Wendy’s was first in Singapore during the 1980s. Not long before their opening, Wendy’s faced the same issue as AW due to intense competition and as a result, collapsed and shut down their outlet which was operating at Far East Plaza and Parkway Parade. However, in 2009, the US fast chain reopened in Singapore at Lau Pa Sat in the Central Business District. Since then, they have grown and just recently opened their 11th restaurant at Jurong East MRT Station. Therefore, despite failing in the earlier years, they manage to make a successful comeback and AW should perhaps make a comeback too. Wendy’s comeback shows evidence that there is potential in the rise of fast food chain outlets. Competition AW operates in the product category of fast food sandwich chains, which is highly competitive and developed. Today,  the three giants in the local fast-food business are McDonald’s,  Kentucky Fried Chicken and Burger King, with McDonald’s leading the pack. AW simply cannot compete with the thousands of stores their rivals have world-wide. Although AW does not have the number of units or financial resources that some of its competitors have now, they do have good brand recognition since they bring about childhood memories to Singaporeans. (i) MacDonald The number of people who thronged  MacDonald’s first outlet opening was so large;  a world record was set for serving the world’s highest volume of hamburgers in a single day. Today, McDonald has over 120 restaurants across the island serve 1. 2 million customers every week. Around 9,000 employees keep the McDonald’s restaurants running ship-shape. The popular chain is well-known for its Big Macs, Quarter Pounders, and Chicken McNuggets. Most of the outlets are free-standing units offering dine-in and drive-through service. Today one can  find a McDonald’s restaurant  in almost every corner of the island and over 40 operating as 24hours stores. About 80% of the restaurants are run by franchisees or affiliates. (ii) Burger King BURGER KING commenced operations in Singapore since 1982 through the opening of its first restaurant at Peninsula Plaza. Over the years, Burger King Singapore Pte. Ltd. perates more than 40 restaurants in Singapore where customers across the island city can enjoy the great and healthy flame-grilled taste of their products. Providing customers with a great dining experience in the areas of convenience, excellent service and friendly surroundings is and also for the wide and unique menu options is what Burger King achieved. In addition to its popular Whopper sandwich, the chain offers a selection of burgers, chicken sandwiches, salads, and breakfast items, along with beverages, desserts, and sides. (iii) KFC KFC is the leader in the chicken segment in the Singapore Quick Service Restaurant (QSR) industry. There are over 15,000  KFC  outlets in 105 countries and territories around the world. Upon entering every KFC outlets, one will be captivated by the chicken’s aroma. At KFC, they offer high quality and great tasting food in a popular array of complete meals such as Daily Savers Meals, Snackers and Family Feast that enable the whole family to share a fun and satisfying experience with all the affordability and convenience of a fast food restaurant. The popular chain is well known for its fried chicken and its various incarnations – chicken burgers, drumlets, nuggets, ‘popcorn’ chicken. The chicken comes in various flavours – original, spicy, crispy. Unique Selling Advantages * World’s No. 1 Root Beer A;W Root Beer is the world’s number one selling root beer float and is still mixed fresh daily and sold at hundreds of AW restaurants. Customers dine at AW to enjoy their signature products like root beers floats, deep fried cheese curds  and waffles. Long Heritage When people talk about AW in Singapore, they think of the past and memories because it is the first fast food restaurant in Singapore. Hence, the history behind AW is a unique selling point as people will always remember AW as they grew up eating it. Till now, they are still making memories and All American Food. Having a strong history over the brand AW, is what other competitors can’t achieved. Current Positioning Over the years, AW has position themselves as a childhood fast food brand. Some positioning strategy that AW has adopted will be emotional, functional and promotional. The emotional positioning strongly taps into boomers’ memories of their youth at AW, with the objective of creating smiles and reminisce. The functional positioning focuses on the simple indulgence of a great burger just like it was in 1956. The promotional positioning reflects great value for a premium product. AW focus their efforts on baby boomers— a market virtually ignored by the other fast-food chains. This group, born between 1946 and 1964, grew up with AW drive-ins. The brand truly represents their youth and the simple joys that came along with it. We want to bring back memories of these boomers having countless â€Å"firsts† at AW growing up: their first trip to a fast-food restaurant, â€Å"graduating† to their first Teen Burger, going out on their first date, driving their first car— these were all very important and rich memories. It was clear that AW is one of the few brands that have the right to align themselves with these milestones in boomers’ lives. We feel that the current positioning is strong and we believe it would work out for our objectives of our campaign. This insight became the basis for an important element of our campaign. IMC Strategies Overall Theme/Big Idea To bring back the fast food chain that Singaporeans grew up loving, focussing on our central theme, â€Å"Bringing back the good old days†. * Creative Direction The advertising appeal that we would use to attract the attention of consumers will be through emotional appeal because emotional appeal will be easier for us to relate our BIG IDEA and campaign to our target group. The way our big idea will be conveyed to consumers will be through slice of life execution as it is able to portray a real life situation that consumers may face daily. As our big idea is to bring back the good old times to consumer who patronize AW on their re-opening, our advertising video will be about a man who had a hard time at work as his job pile stacks higher and higher but when he walk into AW and drink their signature root beer float, flash back of the good times he had appeared in his brain making his frown and stressful face to turn into a wide smile, enjoying the moment. Public Relations * Publicity Vehicles Vehicle wraps is one of the most cost efficient advertising tools. Because we believe they have the ability to generate more advertising impressions than any other advertising medium available, we will be hiring three trucks to drive around high traffic areas such as Orchard Road to showcase that AW is coming back to Singapore. We will feature our theme, â€Å"Bringing back the good old memories near you† to bring awareness to consumers that AW is returning. Inside the truck, it will contain mini cans of AW that we will be selling to the public. For every can purchased at $1, customers will get a free AW balloon to show support for wanting to bring AW back to Singapore. * Community Activities With the proceeds earned from the mini canned drinks, we will be donating 50% of the proceeds to poor families with low income. Since AW is a family restaurant, we want to show the importance of family. Thus, AW will donate proceeds of the earnings to people who deserve it to show our welfare and concern, and to show the community that AW cares about the society. Sales Promotion There are various sales promotional tools that AW can make use of to introduce their come-back in Singapore and so to stimulate trial, repeat or larger purchases. To suit our â€Å"old school† theme campaign, we have decided to make use of 4 different sales promotional tools and they are namely coupons, contests/sweepstakes, price-off deal and frequency programs. Coupons will be distributed using social media website such as Facebook and twitter. A picture of the coupon will be posted on the official Facebook page of AW and this coupon can be printed and will entitle them to 2 different benefits. On the day of the opening, consumers will be able to enjoy 10% off their total bill instantly upon flashing the coupon and after doing so, a bounce back coupons printed in black and white using old school design will also be given to these consumers in order to encourage repeat purchase. The reason of combining this 2 different method is because of our â€Å"old school† theme. Since our theme focuses on bringing back childhood memories of the consumers, it would be more appropriate if we can make use of traditional marketing method. However, we will be using a small part of social media as it has become increasingly popular among teenagers these days that make it a much easier and cost-efficient way to reach out to our consumers. However, this promotion will only be valid for a month to introduce the comeback of AW. Our price-off deals includes set meals which will be available at all times. Since our target audiences are families and our marketing idea is to bring back childhood memories, family set meals is definitely a must-have in our menu. A frequency program will also be combined together with a contest to encourage consumers to try out all the different product that is available on the menu. A frequency card will be issued on your first alacarte purchase and 10 different stamps would need to be collected in order to enjoy the benefit and so to participate in the contest. These 10 collectible stamps represent the different alacarte items; a stamp will be rewarded for each alacarte items being purchased. Collect all 10 different stamps and it will entitle customers to redeem a free â€Å"set meal of the week†. Upon redemption, personal data will need to be filled in at the back of the card to redeem their prizes. This can also be reference for our customer database. Personal Selling For our campaign, we will be having staffs going around the event areas to serve and answer any enquiries by our audience. For example, our staffs will explain to them the main objectives of this campaign and the main reason in bringing back AW. These will actually nature relationships with customers by understanding their needs and demands. Not only that, we can solve their doubts and recommend ways to satisfy them. Also, our mascots will be going around interacting and bonding with the customers. Customers can take pictures with our mascots or even talk to it. After our campaign, more customers would be informed and will patronize our stores. This will actually brings popularity and publicity for AW. Direct Marketing Online Communication Flyers will be distributed to the public around neighbourhood and town areas. This will help increase the awareness of consumers that are shopping or staying nearby, giving them a heads-up of what’s going on around them. To ensure that these Flyers will not be treated as junk mail, a free ice-cream coupon will be attached to it. However, consumers can only redeem the free ice cream upon purchasing a set meal. Though our main focus is to publicize re-launching of AW using outdoor, however there is also a need to use new media to reach out to the younger group of consumers who have not heard of AW before. We will plan to reach out to them through the means of social media platforms such as facebook and twitter. We will post pictures about during AW store renovation and what are the varieties of food that AW will be offering to keep them updated and excited to AW’s countdown. We will also set up a local AW website so that the younger generations can find out more about us through this means of platform. Media Strategy Media Mix (a) Advertising Campaign With the results that we have obtained through our surveys, we have decided to come out with an advertising campaign for AW with the objective of letting AW bring back childhood memories and happiness back to our target audience. Our campaign tag line will be â€Å"AW, bringing back the good old times. † This advertising campaign is to promote brand recall to our target audience that AW is back to serve them their favourite Signature Root Beer Float, Curly Fries and their other specialties. We have decided to use local advertising as our aim is to bring AW back to Singapore. Since our campaign objective and big idea is to bring back old memories, we will be using traditional media such as outdoor posters of media class and media vehicle as well to advertise on AW will be coming back to Singapore. Media class is a broad category of media such as broadcast, print, outdoor, interactive and etc. Out of all these, we will be choosing outdoor prints advertisements as many people are expecting to see AW advertisements at outdoor places. Media vehicles will be at bus stops, train stations and even on buses. Thus, for bus stops, we will be having a simple advert of AW’s logo and campaign theme with a digital countdown system at the bottom of the poster, stating how many more days to A;W’s re-opening. For train stations, we have decided to have our advert to be paste at Toa Payoh station as it is a district located in the central region of Singapore with many housing estates and facilities around them. Hence, it would be great for us to put our advertisements there as it is not that expensive compared to placing it at orchard and Toa Payoh is more of a family oriented place. So, it would be a win-win situation for us as not only could we save money but we would be able to reach out to our target audience which is families as well. Lastly, for buses, we have decided to check a few buses to have AW’s advertisement on them while inside of the bus will have mini advertisement posters hanging on the poles where anybody who takes it will be given a 20% off when purchasing from A;W when they re-open in Singapore. Another media class that we will be choosing is television channels. As for the media vehicles will be television channels such as Channel 8 and Channel 5. The reason why we have chose these 2 channels is because people are expecting to see our advertisements on TV and Channel 5 ; 8 audience are mostly families. Hence, it matches with our target audience. Continuity scheduling technique will be used to re-reach to our target audience so that we can arouse more attention from the public. The television advertisement that we will be coming out with will be more family oriented, focusing on our theme of bringing back the good old times. There will be approximately 4 parts of the scene which depicts how A;W will bring back the good old times to consumers from the new technology world. It will also show how A;W will release their stressful life after visiting A;W where flashback of good old memories made their day a better one. Every week one scene will be played and at the end of the 4 weeks, it will be also the day where A;W re-open in Singapore. Though there are downsides of selecting these media tools such as high production cost and short exposure time but we are confident that with the correct location for our posters to be placed up at and with interesting television advertisement, we will be able to gain the response that we are targeting to achieve. b) Marketing Mix Strategies Product: People remember A;W for their unique root beer float over the years till now. Today, it has franchise locations throughout much of the world, serving a typical fast food menu of hamburgers and French fries, as well as hot dogs. One would be able to enjoy the unique and quality food served in A;W outlets at the same time creating/recalling memories of the past times at A;W. Not only that, A;W pack aging colors of brown, white, orange and yellow also left an impactful impressions to their customers. Place: The place of our campaign will be all around Singapore but putting more focus at Toa Payoh as we are planning to re-open the A;W outlet there. The reason why we choose Toa Payoh is due to the high traffic flow of families around that area. They have many facilities like Safra, Swimming Complex, library, movie theatre and neighbourhood schools which would attract many school kids and families who visit Toa Payoh for their variety of facilities over there. Hence the selection of the location where our main campaign location will be along with the big poster of A;W reopening paste on the train station of Toa Payoh. Price: The price of A;W standard food combos will be approximately from $5 to $8. Prices are stated based on analysis of other competitors price and cost of product. Besides standard food combos which includes main course and their signature root beer float, A;W will also sell ala cart items such as their curly fries, burgers and others. Regular curly fries will be set at $2 will large curly fries will be $3. For their regular signature root beer float will be $2. 95 while large signature root beer float will be $3. 5 and jumbo signature root beer float for two will be charged at $4. 95. Promotion: During the campaign period, customers who visit A;W with the mini advertisement that they took from the busses will be entitled to a 20% discount on standard food combos purchased or a total bill of $5 and above. This promotion will last one month from the day of reopening of A;W at Toa Payoh. The promotion is created to attract the crowd back to A;W and also attention of the public. Campa ign Budget | Description| Quantity| Duration| Pay rate| Total| Public Relations| | 1. | Trucks| 3| 3 hrs| $150/day| $450| 2. | Drivers (3hrs/day)| 3| 3 hrs| $15/hr| $135| 3. | Workers| 6| 3 hrs| $6/hr| $108| 4. | Donations| | | | $150| | Sales Promotion| | 5. | Printing of Coupons| 50,000| | | $1000| 6. | Coupon Value(Digital Coupon)| 50,000| | | $25,000| 7. | Production of Frequency Card| 50,000| | | $3000| | Direct Marketing| | 8. | Production of Flyers| 100,000| | | $2500| 9. | Flyer Distributor| 5 | 10 hours| $6/hr| $300| 10. | Mascot| 1| 8 hours| $8/hr| $64| | Advertising| | 1. | Poster Space: Toa Payoh MRT Station | 1| 2. 5 weeks| | $15,000| 12. | Poster Space: All Toa Payoh Bus Stops| | 2. 5 weeks| | $10,000| 13. | Advertising: Comfort Delgro| | 2. 5 weeks| | $8,000| 14. | Print Productions for posters etc. | | | | $30,000| 15. | TV commercial (15seconds)AirTime on Channel 8| 3 slots/day| 2 weeks| $500/time slot $1500/day| $21,000| 16. | TV commercial (15seconds)AirTime on Ch annel 5| 3 slots/day| 2 weeks| $500/time slot $1500/day| $21,000| | Total| $137,707| Round-Up Budget| $150,000| How to cite Marketing a W, Essay examples

Review of Hustle and Flow free essay sample

Hustle and Flow is a movie about a pimp/drug dealer who struggles to make a living in Memphis Tennessee. Today many pimps operate illegally in the U. S. Because of the great demand for prostitution. For many, prostitution is a forced occupation used to make ends meet. Deja, a pimp and a drug dealer, hopes to end his Illegal occupations and become involved in the hip hop industry. This movie is like many other great movies In so many ways. Movies such as Get Rich or Die Trying, Four Brothers, and Boozy In the hood are all related In some way to this film.The main characters of Hustle and Flow are Deja, Nolan, Chug, and Key. The movie takes place In a ghetto area of north Memphis, Tennessee. Trying to land a record deal, Deja does whatever he can to progress. For example, when he needed to buy an expensive microphone that has no sound distortion, he found out he didnt have enough money so he pimps Nolan to the store clerk. We will write a custom essay sample on Review of Hustle and Flow or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some see this as Deja being selfish, others see It as a way to make things better for all because If he succeeds so does his hookers.In this movie dialogue plays a very important role in showing us what the movie is bout. The dialogue is basically black and southern. Rap music is also played throughout the film. The title of the film is Hustle and Flow and the word flow is a slang term meaning to rap. Almost every scene begins with some kind of rap music and the rap music that Deja produced in the movie is also very powerful. The main theme of the film is that you must be in charge to succeed. Now, that doesnt necessarily mean that you must be the leader, but that you must take control of your life.Dramatic Aspects play a very important role in the movie. Costumes and make up design help the audience understand where the characters come from and what time period it is. Craig Brewer, the director, employs a lot of camera movements to show us the set of the city and he uses mainly high angles to show us the weakness of some characters. He also uses gradual disclosure to let us know what is going to happen throughout the plot. There were many lengthy shots such as the first shot of the movie. This shot goes from a close up and zooms to an extreme close-up. This is when Deja explains the nature of mankind to Nolan. This movie is very powerful and shows us the true meaning of taking charge and how achieving your goals are vital to your success. Deja may seem like a low class, selfish pimp, but behind his drug dealing and Illegal pimping he is Just an average middle age man who hopes to get to the top Just Like all of us. Review of Hustle and Flow By Egyptology to make ends meet. Deja, a pimp and a drug dealer, hopes to end his illegal This movie is like many other great movies in so many ways.Movies such as Get Rich or Die Trying, Four Brothers, and Boozy in the hood are all related in some way to vie takes place in a ghetto area of north Memphis, Tennessee. Trying to land a selfish, others see it as a way to make things better for all because if he succeeds so and the rap music that Deja produced in the movie is also very powerful. The main theme of the film is that you must be in charge to succeed. Now, that doesnt when Deja explains the nature of mankind to Nolan. Selfish pimp, but behind his drug dealing and illegal pimping he is Just an average middle age man who hopes to get to the top Just like all of us.

Huddle investigation Essay Example

Huddle investigation Essay 1. That the larger the huddle, the smaller the amount of heat lost. That is, an organism (test tube) on its own will lose more heat than if it were huddled in a group. In an experiment using test tubes, this will be supported by data which shows that a test tube by itself will lose more heat in the same amount of time than if it were in a huddle.2. The temperature loss should decrease proportionally as the size of the huddle grows.3. Also, the organism (test tube) in the centre of the huddle will lose less heat than an organism or test tube on the outside of the huddle.The reasoning behind this hypothesis is that as the huddle group grows in size, the amount of exposed surface area will be reduced per test tube. Although in practice not every test tube is exposed, theoretically, this is a way of comparing huddles.Also, in a huddle of many organisms, or test tubes, if there is a centre test tube which is not exposed, it will be warmer than those on the periphery of the huddle. This hy pothesis can be supported by data collected in the experiment by measuring the temperature of the centre of the huddle and the periphery of the huddle. The centre will be warmer because it has no surface area exposed to the outside.Huddling is a behavioural adaptation to the cold climate. Huddling (in the case of penguins) is when a group of penguins stand closely together, nestling, in an attempt to reduce heat loss collectively as a group. This idea is effective because as a group, the penguins have lesser surface area exposed to the cold per penguin. Thousands of penguins have been seen in the Antarctic nestling together. It is can be said that huddling together is the most vital adaptation of penguins to survive the breeding season, when the males are incubating the eggs and do not go out to find food, a source of energy.PLANNING BIndependent variable: the size of the huddleDependent variable: the amount of heat lost as a huddleControlled variables:- the type of test tubes- thic kness of the test tube glass- size of test tubes- the same test tubes were used- source of hot water- use of hot water, not any other substance- amount of hot water in each test tube- same thermometer- controlled environment thus the room temperature should be the same- the experiment was conducted away from windows, to minimise chance of sunlight adding heat to the huddle- amount of time allowed for each experimentApparatus:10 identical test tubes2 rubber bands2 thermometersA stopwatchA test tube rackHot water (from a tap)Materials to record dataMethod:In this experiment the temperatures of different huddles were measured. A test tube is used to represent one penguin.For means of comparison, an experiment was conducted where single test tube stood alone. Then we also used groups of 7 and 10 test tubes, to represent the increasing size of the huddle.Safety note: be mindful of the hot water.Measurements of the circumference of the huddle were also taken, to measure the surface area e xposed.The 1-test tube (solo penguin) experimentApparatus:1 test tube1 thermometerA stopwatchA test tube rackHot waterMaterials to record dataMethod1. We filled the test tube so that it has 22 mls of hot water. We did not use boiling water because the glass of the test tube may break.2. We placed the test tube in the rack, so that we were not holding it and transferring heat.3. We measured the initial starting temperature, and took measurements every minute for 6 minutes. The thermometer was held so that it was not touching the bottom of the test tube, to avoid measuring the temperature of the test tube rather than the water. The water temperature is wanted, because we are measuring the heat loss from the water, which would be the body of the organism. The test tube perhaps can be seen as the skin or fur of the organism. Also, glass retains heat.4. Repeat this experiment to obtain a more accurate overall result. We repeated this experiment 4 times. In consideration of time restraint s, there can be 2 of these experiments conducted simultaneously if there are 2 people involved.5. The circumference and length of the test tube was measured, so that a rough estimate of the surface area exposed can be measured.The 7-test tube huddle experimentApparatus:7 identical test tubes2 rubber bands2 thermometersA stopwatchHot waterMaterials to record dataMethod:1. We first bound the 7 test tubes together, to form a huddle. Identical test tubes are used so that a direct comparison can be made between the inside and the outside of the huddle with regard to heat loss. A test tube made of a thinner glass would lose heat more rapidly than a thick test tube.2. With 7 test tubes, a flower pattern was formed. The two rubber bands held the test tubes together. In this experiment, there was no props needed to keep the huddle standing, the huddle was self-standing. We also did not want to introduce a beaker to hold the huddle together, because this could act as insulation against heat l oss.3. Then we filled the test tubes with hot water from the tap, minimising the time taken. Each test tube was filled to approximately the same level. It would have taken too long to measure out 22 mls for each test tube the water in the first test tube would have lost a significant amount of heat by the time the 7th test tube was filled.4. As soon as all test tubes were filled, the initial temperature of the inner test tube and an outer test tube was taken (it does not matter which outer test tube is measured). Again, care was taken so that the water temperature was measured, not the test tube glass temperature.5. Measurements of temperature (of both the inner and an outer test tube) were taken every minute, for 6 minutes.6. This experiment was repeated 4 times.7. Again, with time restraints, 2 of these experiments can be conducted simultaneously, simply by doubling the apparatus needed.8. The circumference of the huddle and the length of a test tube was measured, so that later c alculations of the surface area could be worked out.The 10-test tube huddle experimentApparatus:10 identical test tubes2 rubber bands2 thermometersA stopwatchHot waterMaterials to record dataMethod:1. The 10 identical test tubes were bound together by the two rubber bands. Again, identical test tubes are used so that direct comparisons of between test tubes within the huddle can be made.2. In the experiment of the 10 test tubes, the formation illustrated below was formed.3. In this case, the test tubes were also self-standing, so no other apparatus was needed to prop the huddle.4. Steps 3 to 8 of the 7-test tube huddle experiment can be applied in the same way for this 10-test tube huddle experiment.To measure the circumference of a huddle1. To measure the circumference of a huddle, to place a string around the entire huddle and measure the string would be inaccurate. To gain a more accurate measurement, the string should trace the test tubes on the periphery, as shown below.2. The string is then marked, and measured against a ruler.RESULTSResults from the 1-test tube experiment (solo penguin)Temperature (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C) of the 1 Test Tube HuddleTime (mins)Trial 1Trial 2Trial 3Trial 4040.040.043.045.0139.039.042.043.0237.538.540.542.0336.038.039.540.0435.036.538.539.0534.7535.538.038.0634.034.537.037.0Results from the 7-test tube huddle experimentTemperature (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C) of the 7 Test Tube HuddleTrial 1Trial 2Trial 3Trial 4Time (mins)Inner Test TubeOuter Test TubeInner Test TubeOuter Test TubeInner Test TubeOuter Test TubeInner Test TubeOuter Test Tube043.042.042.042.044.044.048.046.0142.041.041.041.054.044.048.045.0243.041.042.540.544.543.048.045.0343.041.042.040.044.042.047.044.0442.040.542.039.043.041.046.043.0541.040.041.039.043.041.045.541.5640.539.040.538.542.040.045.041.0Results from the 10-test tube experimentTemperature (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C) of the 10 Test Tube HuddleTrial 1Trial 2Trial 3Trial 4Time (mins)Inner TTOuter TTInner TTOuter TTInner TTOuter TTIn ner TTOuter TT046.044.046.044.049.048.048.046.0145.543.045.044.049.047.048.045.0245.043.045.044.048.046.047.044.0345.042.044.042.047.545.546.543.0444.041.044.042.047.045.046.542.5543.040.544.041.546.044.046.041.5642.039.543.040.545.543.046.041.0Physical Measurements of the huddleTable showing the physical measurements of the huddle and the test tubes1-test tube7-test tube huddle10-test tube huddleCircumference (cm)6.924.531.6Length of test tube (cm)15.0DATA PROCESSING AND PRESENTATIONChange in temperature in the experimentsTable showing the change in temperature (Initial temperature Final temperature)Temperature (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C)Trial 1Trial 2Trial 3Trial 4Average1-test tube huddle6.05.56.08.06.3757 test-tube huddle INNER test tube2.51.52.03.02.2507 test tube huddle OUTER test tube3.03.54.05.03.87510 test-tube huddle INNER test tube4.03.03.52.03.12510 test tube huddle OUTER test tube4.53.55.05.04.500The variations in starting temperature in this case were ignored, as it was the i nitial temperature minus the final temperature calculated, thus the change was measured.It can be seen that the average change in the 1-test tube experiments were vastly different to those obtained in the other experiments. However this figure may be distorted by the result of Trial 4. If we look at the individual results from Trials 1 to 3, they are comparable with the results from the outer test tubes of the 10-test tube huddle. In this way, they do not look so atypical. The result obtained from Trial 4 must be an anomaly in the results.To more easily interpret the averages as shown in bold type in the table above, a bar chart can be drawn.From the chart, the distinct differences in heat loss can be seen, and two hypotheses are supported: the single test tube alone lost the most heat on average, and the inner test tubes lost less heat than the outer test tubes. However as shown by the overall taller columns for the 10-huddle, the increasing size of the huddle does not necessarily mean the lower the heat loss.The amount of heat lost by the single test tube (6.375à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C) was almost 3 times as great as the amount lost by the test tube at the centre of the 7-huddle (2.250à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C). The average amount of heat lost by an outer test tube of the 10-huddle was still significantly lower than that of the single test tube. Even if the anomaly of Trial 4 is taken out, the average is 5.833à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C, which is still considerably lower than 6.375à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C.The difference between the inner and outer test tubes of the 7 and 10-huddles is on average 1.5à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C (the difference between the inner and outer test tube of the 7-huddle was 1.625à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C, and the difference between the inner and outer test tube of the 10-huddle was 1.375à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C). This clearly supports the hypothesis that the inner test tube loses less heat than an outer test tube because of the lack of surface area exposed to the external environment.The fact that the 10-huddles over all lost more heat in the same amount of time than the 7-huddles is surprising, because assuming the more test tubes in a huddle, the more heat there is to share between the test tubes. However, if we perhaps look at the theory that radiation is transferred from hot to cold (so that the colder are warmed by the hotter), the size of the 10-huddle may be hindering its ability to collectively retain heat. Perhaps the overall greater surface area can be seen as the cause of the overall greater heat loss in the 10-huddle than in the 7-huddle.Below is a table showing the exposed surface area in each of the huddles.Table comparing the surface area exposed in the different huddles in the experiment1-test tube7-test tube huddle10 test tube huddleOverall surface area exposed (circumference x length of the test tube) cm2103.5367.5474.0Surface area per test tube (theoretically) cm2103.552.547.4The graph below compares the differences in exposed surface area.A greater exposed surface area woul d mean that more heat is being lost at one time from a single source. Perhaps it can be concluded that despite the increased amount of heat contained in the huddle (more test tubes means more hot water thus more energy altogether), the increase in exposed surface area counterbalances this heat, and thus the huddle is losing more heat than it is retaining collectively. The heat from the inner test tubes would be passing out more heat to the outer test tubes, to maintain the same temperature.Perhaps in theory, the 10-huddle should lose less heat because of the lower surface area per test tube figure (the surface area exposed per test tube for the 7-huddle is 52.5 cm2; 10-huddle, 47.4 cm2). However the discussion in the paragraph above gives a reason why this figure is misleading if one is to use this to judge the efficiency of a huddle in retaining heat.In real life, it would be difficult to say that the greater the huddle, the greater the surface area, thus the greater the inefficien cy in heat retention. Penguins prove this there huddles of thousands of penguins seen in the Antarctic region during breeding season. If smaller groups are more efficient, then surely the penguins would break up into smaller huddles as a survival mechanism.CONCLUSIONThe results from this series of experiments supports two hypotheses: that a single test tube will lose more heat per test tube than a test tube in a huddle, and that in a huddle, the inner test tube will lose less heat than an outer test tube. The single test tube on average lost 6.375à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C, whereas the other test tubes only lost 2.250-4.500à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C. The differences between the inner and outer test tubes within the huddles was at least 1.375à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C, as in the case of the 10-huddle. The difference between the inner and outer test tube of the 7-huddle was 1.625à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C.The hypothesis that the greater the size of the huddle, the lower the heat loss per test tube is not supported by the data collecte d. The validity of heat loss per test tube comparison is maintained by the measuring of temperatures of the individual test tubes, not by measuring the overall temperature of the huddle. The data showed that the 10-huddle per test tube lost overall more heat than the 7-huddle, both in the cases of the inner (the inner 10-huddle test tube lost 0.875à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C more heat than the inner 7-huddle test tube) and outer test tubes (the outer 10-huddle test tube lost 0.625à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C more heat than the outer 7-huddle test tube).It can be concluded huddling has an effect on heat loss, in that a huddle will lose less heat than a single test tube (or organism, as applied in real life). However, according to the experiment, it seems that the greater the size of the huddle, the greater the heat loss, although it is not as great as the heat loss experienced by the single test tube. This is odd, because in real-life, experiences of penguins would tells us that the greater the size of the huddl e, the lower the loss of heat per penguin (test tube). It can also be concluded that huddling is most beneficial to the animal in the centre, as they experience less heat loss than an animal on the periphery of the huddle. Thus, huddling has a significant effect on heat loss.EVALUATIONEvaluation of method:A weakness in the method is that the volume of water for the 7-huddle and 10-huddle experiments differed every time it was performed. As mentioned in the Method, it would have been impractical to measure out exactly 22 mls for each test tube, because by the time the 7th or 10th test tube was filled, the first test tube would have lost a considerable amount of heat while standing. The volume of water for each experiment was measured, and between the 7-huddles, there was only a difference of 4 mls, and between the 10-huddles, there was a difference of 5 mls.We have to take note of the fact that glass absorbs and retains heat, and so the heat loss we are attempting to measure may not be completely accurate. However, if we draw parallels between the test tube and skin of the animal, this may be accurate because the animal would retain the heat in its fur/feathers, thus not all the heat would be lost to the external environment. The heat loss in the water can be paralleled with the core temperature of the animal.I did not take into account the area exposed at the top of the test tubes, or at the bottom of the test tube because these would have been too difficult to measure. The meniscus of the water would prove difficult to measure, as would the curve of the bottom of the test tube. Furthermore, heat lost from the top would not be through glass (there is on glass at the top of the test tube). The bottom of the test tube is also thicker than the sides. Thus, heat lost from both these gaps would not be the same as heat lost from the sides. In order to keep the experiment consistent, these were ignored as part of the calculation for surface area.Time restrictions mus t also be considered. Although the time the temperatures were measured over was fairly small (6 minutes), there were still palpable differences between the experiments, and the hypotheses could be supported with the data collected. The differences were not so small it was difficult to establish whether or not there was a pattern. However if the experiment was conducted over an even longer period of time (perhaps 10 minutes), the patterns may be even more distinct. Perhaps in the long run the 10-huddle may have performed better than the 7-huddle in heat loss.The temperature could also only be measured to 1 decimal place, but my partner and I decided to round up to the nearest half or whole number. This way, interpretation is clearer and reading the thermometer can be done with ease.

Free Essays on Crow Dog

â€Å"Civilize Them with a Stick† Times were very rough for the Native American Indians during the early 1900’s. Author Mary Crow Dog; a native American, tried to paint a vivid picture of some of the trials and tribulations that she underwent or heard about while she attended boarding school. Ms. Crow Dog tries to help readers better understand what she and many generations of Native Americans endured while attending St. Francis boarding school; which is located in South Dakota. She clearly stated that her mother and grandmother were not exempt from the harsh punishments given by the boarding school. Some of the same things that were going on at the school when Crow Dog was attending happened when her mother and grandmother attended the school, sometimes they were even worse. In the selection Civilize them with a Stick by Mary Crow Dog, she writes about a group of people who feel they have the right to tell others what to do. The oppressors in her story believe their ways to be superior and do not care how to achieve the end result, as long as it is achieved. The Catholic nuns in the story believe themselves to be qualified to rule over and change the Native Americans sent to their school. Mary Crow Dog writes Wesley 2 about her experiences in a Catholic school. She explains how religion was forced down her throat in an attempt to socialize Indians into an Anglo way of life. However, Crow Dog did everything she could do to not fall into the Anglo way of life. Ms. Crow Dog stated that presently the school is run by the B.I.A. (Bureau of Indian Affairs). While on the other hand when she was attending the school the more strict church ran it. She plainly stated that they were quickly beaten if they failed their Devotions or if they prayed the wrong way. She also goes on to say that they were treated like dogs, but instead she considered herself as a wild cat that couldn’t be tamed. Crow Dog was very rebellious as a c... Free Essays on Crow Dog Free Essays on Crow Dog â€Å"Civilize Them with a Stick† Times were very rough for the Native American Indians during the early 1900’s. Author Mary Crow Dog; a native American, tried to paint a vivid picture of some of the trials and tribulations that she underwent or heard about while she attended boarding school. Ms. Crow Dog tries to help readers better understand what she and many generations of Native Americans endured while attending St. Francis boarding school; which is located in South Dakota. She clearly stated that her mother and grandmother were not exempt from the harsh punishments given by the boarding school. Some of the same things that were going on at the school when Crow Dog was attending happened when her mother and grandmother attended the school, sometimes they were even worse. In the selection Civilize them with a Stick by Mary Crow Dog, she writes about a group of people who feel they have the right to tell others what to do. The oppressors in her story believe their ways to be superior and do not care how to achieve the end result, as long as it is achieved. The Catholic nuns in the story believe themselves to be qualified to rule over and change the Native Americans sent to their school. Mary Crow Dog writes Wesley 2 about her experiences in a Catholic school. She explains how religion was forced down her throat in an attempt to socialize Indians into an Anglo way of life. However, Crow Dog did everything she could do to not fall into the Anglo way of life. Ms. Crow Dog stated that presently the school is run by the B.I.A. (Bureau of Indian Affairs). While on the other hand when she was attending the school the more strict church ran it. She plainly stated that they were quickly beaten if they failed their Devotions or if they prayed the wrong way. She also goes on to say that they were treated like dogs, but instead she considered herself as a wild cat that couldn’t be tamed. Crow Dog was very rebellious as a c...

Mental Health Nursing Mental Status Exam on a mental health patient Essay

Mental Health Nursing Mental Status Exam on a mental health patient - Essay Example The patient herself does not have an extensive prior hospitalization history. She does have history of: depression, hypertension, diabetes. Treatment recommendations are: management per psychiatry. She does not have any prior history of mental illness or a family history of mental illness. She is a retired school teacher, and worked for nearly 40 years before retiring. There is nothing in her professional record to indicate any psychiatric problems. Though she does claim that she has been depressed all her life, Interviews with family members indicate a person who is generally lived a balanced life . Though she and her husband never had any children and had only each other for company, they seemed generally to be a normal old couple. Financially, while they were not very well off, They seemed generally comfortable. She says she is in the hospital because she is losing weight and is overwhelmed with things at home. Her husband died while both of them where in the hospital , he was sic k for a very long time with cancer in his lungs and he never went to the doctor because they had no insurance and no money for doctor visits. She went in because she was dehydrated and getting sick. She feels now that her husband is gone that once she gets back home that she is going to be overwhelmed and have no idea how to take care of the herself, the house and bills.

Banking and the political situation in Bahrain Essay

Banking and the political situation in Bahrain - Essay Example The rising issue of increased political pressure and financial crisis are affecting the business operations of financial sector of Bahrain (Shachmurove, 2003). Bahrain is also observed to be the largest financial centre among the ‘Gulf Cooperation Council’ (GCC). The GCC countries are majorly dependent on oil exports on a fixed exchange rate. In the GCC region, the banking sector is considered to be the main dominating player in financial terms. In this respect, the Islamic banks are perceived to be growing in an immense manner and are determined to be the ultimate foundation for financial transactions amid the gulf countries. The banking sector of Bahrain is recognised to be accountable to be the major contributor of ‘Gross Domestic Products (GDP) growth. Bahrain is identified to be acquiring around 80% of the GDP in relation to investment funds. The main objective of Bahrain is to obtain the leading position as a financial hub (INSEAD, 2011; Al-Hassan & et. al., 2010). BNP Paribas is recognised as among the leading banking institutions which is one of the leading financial service providers in the European regions. The bank is identified to be present in around 80 countries. Moreover, the bank employs about 200,000 individuals on a global context. BNP offers three major services which include retail banking, ‘corporate and investment banking’ as well as investment solutions (Bahrain Economic Development Board, 2008). Al Salam Bank-Bahrain (B.S.C) began its business operations in the year 2006 and the bank is located in Bahrain. It is observed to be performing business operations in a differentiation manner for acquiring huge capital and proficient as well as experienced management team. The bank adopts standards and principles which are recognised at international level for its transparency as well as integrity (Al Salam Bank Bahrain, 2012). Topic to Be Addressed The subject of the proposed research study is to determine the im pact of adverse political and financial conditions on the banking sector in Bahrain. Moreover, the proposed research study will assist in ascertaining the importance of stable political conditions for businesses to perform their operations effectively. Project Background In Bahrain, BNP Paribas is recognised to be the principal foreign bank. The bank has established two offices in Dubai with the objective of defending itself from unstable political scenarios and financial crisis. The proposed research study will be based on the analysing the factors which are seemingly affecting the operations as well as competitiveness of the banking sector in Bahrain. In this regard, the impact of unstable political situations and financial crisis of the banking sector of Bahrain will be studied in order to improve their situations. Justification of the Topic Chosen In relation to the present day context, it has been observed that the political condition of a country is significantly affecting the economic as well as business environment. Moreover, there are other specific external factors which are demonstrated to be impacting a country’s political and economic conditions both positively as well as negatively. In this regard, the major problem which has been recognised in this proposed study is changes in the political conditions affecting the financial sector in Bahrain. This problem is also identified to be hampering the competitiveness of its financial sector on a global context. Research Question On the basis of identification of the research problem, the

Postscript Adobe Product

Postscript Adobe Product Adobes first product, Postscript ®, was a driving force behind the desktop publishing revolution of the mid 1980s. Postscript provided an interface between computer program and an output device such as a printer. It comprised of three parts; a page description language which was open, documented and free, an interpreter which was licensed to output device manufacturers, and fonts which were sold to end customers such as graphic artists. The first postscript products were introduced in 1985 through a strategic alliance among four firms: Adobe, Apple, Aldus, and Linotype. The combination of products from these firms sparked the desktop users could create news letters and other documents that had a professional look and feel: documents could integrate graphics and text using professional quality fonts. The result was accomplished through a system of products. Aldus PageMaker software, which ran on Apple Macintosh, enabled the creation of documents that integrated text and graphics, PageMaker required a postscript device for printing. The Apple Laser writer was the first postscript printer and incorporated a postscript interpreter licensed from Adobe. Finally, professional looking documents only required high quality fonts such as Times Roman or Palatino, which typically were only available to professional publishers. Linotype, a firm with over 100 years of experiences in the typesetter industry, licensed a set of its most popular fonts to Adobe so that Adobe could offer them in postscript format. The Laser Writer came with 35 postscript fonts build in Linotype also introduced a high-end postscript image setter so that PageMaker documents could be used in professional publishing. By 1989, postscript had become the defacto standard for printing in the graphic arts and publishing industries. A most 100% of high-end image setters on the market incorporated postscript, while penetration in the general laser printer market reached only about 25%, penetration of Postscript in laser printers used by graphic artists was closer to 100%. Adobe also leveraged the underlying graphics technology of postscripts in applications software for the graphic arts community. The first end-user application, Adobe illustrator, was introduced in March 1987 and gained wide acceptance among graphic artists. Illustrator created output Postscript output and helped to create demand for Postscript printers. Adobe also acquired a number of software products including Photostop for digital image editing in 1989, and Aldus PageMaker in 1993. These products were extremely successful, with Photostop capturing over 90% of the market for photo-editing software. Ownership and leveraging of the Postscript standard had reaped huge rewards for Adobe; between 1984 and 1995, revenue had grown from $2.2 million to $762 million- a compound annual growth; rate of 70%. Adobes share price growth had been equally impressive, increasing at an average rate of29% between 1986, when the firm went public and 1995. In order to create PDF documents users had to purchase either Acrobat  ® Exchange for $195, or a more sophisticated product, Acrobat  ® Distiller for $695. As with the Postscript standard, the specification for PDF was open. By using documentation from Adobe, other firms could create files PDF format. Sales of Acrobat however were originally quite disappointing and reached only about $25 million in 1993. Given the advent of the internet, Adobe modified its Acrobat strategy. Instead of focusing exclusively on document exchange among workers within a corporation, Adobe also targeted internet users. The goal I was to make PDF the de facto standard for posting and exchanging documents on the internet. Question 2. In order to encourage software developers to use the Postscript language, Adobe made it open to anyone for free. The language was meticulously documented in what programmers fondly called â€Å"The Red Book†, and strong technical support was provided to third party developers working with the language. As a result, the number of applications supporting Postscript increased from 180 in 1986 to over 5,000 by 1991. To accelerate the diffusion of Postscript output devices, Adobe developed a boilerplate controller design based on the Motorola G8000 chip. Printer manufacturers interested in licensing Postscript had free access to this design, thus accelerating the development time for Postscript products. In addition, Adobe engineers often worked on joint product development teams with customers in order to help with the design of customized Postscript interpreters. The number of Postscript licenses increased from just one, Apple in 1985 to 60 by 1994. Adobe invested a large amount in creasing its own library of Postscript fonts. In 1986, Adobe invested 16% of sales in font development, and dollar investment continued to increase from 1985 through 1992. The number of Postscript fonts in the Adobe collection increased from 35 in 1985 to 2000 in 1994. These fonts were valued most highly by graphic artists designing pages for professional publishing. Adobe encouraged adoption of the Acrobat Reader by changing its previous policy of charging $50. The Acrobat Reader became widely available for free. In 1994, an alliance was made with AOL made the Acrobat Reader available to all AOL users. Adobe also established relationships with a number of computer vendors such as Compaq, Dell, and Sony to preload the Acrobat Reader on Personal Computers they sold. In 1995 free downloads of the Acrobat Reader were made available from the Adobe website. When users visited a site with PDF content they were instructed to click on a link to Adobe.com to get the free Acrobat Reader. Downloads of the Acrobat Readers explored starting in 1997, and by July 2000 over 197 million Acrobat Readers had been downloaded, with ongoing downloads of about 6 million more each month. Traffic to the Adobe site was also significant with about 11 million unique visitors a month. Downloads also drove sales of the full Acrobat product, needed for PDF creation. Adobe mark et research indicated that 88% of full Acrobat purchasers had used the Acrobat Reader prior to buying the full product. Question 3. Standard wars and battles for dominance in the market between incompatible technologies are products of the information age. Adobe announced it would release the entire PDF specification (current version 1.7) to the International Standards Organization. PDF has reached a point in its maturity cycle where maintaining it in an open standards manner is the next logical step in evolution. Not only does this reinforce Adobes commitment to open standards, but it demonstrates that open standards and open source strategies are really becoming a mainstream concept in the software industry. PDF will go from being an open standard/specification and de facto standard to a full blown dejure standard. (http://www.ameinfo.com/40724.html) Adobe has found that with Postscript and PDF, publishing the specifications, making them open but not open standards is the right path. This is because once something becomes a standard driven by a standards body, it moves to a glacial place Ad innovation slows down significantly because everybody has to agree and compromise. If it is made a totally open source, they do not get a return on investment. They believe that by opening up the specification, they allow other people to take advantage of it. However, they still own the source and get to innovate around that standard more quickly. (http://www.ameinfo.com/40724.html) Uncertainty about the market of e-Books hinged on a number of factors. One of the major impediments to adoption of E-Books was on-screen readability. Anti-aliasing technology had been developed by both Adobe (Cool Type) and Microsoft (Clear Type), improving text resolution by up to 300% e-Book resolution, however, was still not close to matching the quality of paper. So far the place of e-Books was similar or higher than that of print books, constraining demand. In addition, dedicated e-Books reading devices had been relatively expensive, costing a minimum of $250. Finally, the selection of e-Books was still quite limited and e-Books formatted for one device could generally not be used on another. Depending upon their assumptions about pricing and standards, analysts had different perspectives on the potential of the market. After the well publicised battle between VHS and Beta formats in the VCR industry, both produces and consumers were wary of standards war. No consumer wanted to be stuck with the equivalent of Betamax CVR, an orphan product with no tapes to play on it. Likewise, producers did not to be on the losing end of a standards war. It was unclear how standards in the e-Book market would evolve. While Microsoft had changed head on into the consumer it is wondered whether Adobe should instead focus elsewhere. Other segments, such as professional and technical users, while similar than the general consumer market, seemed to place more value on what e-Books had to offer and were leading in their adoption. In addition, Adobes superior graphics capability was more highly valued by the professional market. Adobe can win the standards war by creating alliances with other software companies. A good company is Google. Relative market caps show Adobe at $24 billion, Google at $148 billion and Microsoft at $296 billion. Google needs something like Adobe and Microsoft does not have the same perspective. This could be a strategic relationship to help Adobe win formats/standards war against Microsoft. Adobe may already own the market for electronic documents thanks to PDF, but the company knows that Microsoft has a habit of showing up late to a party and stealing the crown. In turn Adobe is beta testing a new project it calls â€Å"mars† which is an answer to Microsofts new XPS format. (http://www.inforules.com/summaries.htm) Negotiations over standardization and interconnection and standardization are critical once a network has been launched Adobe can explore seven key assets that show its ability to successfully wage a standards war. These are; intellectual property rights, control over an installed base of users, ability to innovate, manufacturing abilities, first mover advantages, strength in complements and brand name reputation. The standard wars are especially bitter and crucial to business success in markets with string network effects that cause consumers to play high value on compatibility. (http://www.inforules.com/summaries.htm) Pre-emption is one of the two crucial market place tactics that Adobe can use in its standards battle. The logic of pre-emption is straight forward: build an early lead so positive feedback works for you and against your rival. The same principle implies in markets with learning by doing: the first firm to gain significant experience will have lower costs and can pull even further ahead. (Shapiro, Varian 1999) Expectations management is the second by tactic in standard wars. Expectations are a major factor in consumer decisions about whether or not to purchase a new technology. Just as incumbents will vary to knock down the viability of new technologies that emerge, so will those very entrants strive to establish credibility. (Shapiro, Varian 1999) Reference: Carlo Shapiro, Hal R. Varian. Information Rules. A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy. Retrieved from http://www.ameinfo.com/40724.html on 5th March 2008 Carlo Shapiro, Hal R. Varian. The Arts of Standard Wars, California Management Review, Vol.41, No.2 1999. http://www.inforules.com/summaries.htm http://www.business.ualberta.ca/mlounsbury/ORG658/readings/standard%20wars.pdf

Change and Culture Essay

A merger is the combining of two or more corporate entities to create one new organization with one licensure and one provider number for reimbursement purposes (Lielber & McConnell, 2008). Mergers occur for the following reasons; a desire to increase size to gain clout for negotiations with managed care providers, the desire to penetrate new markets to attract additional customers, the need for improved efficiencies resulting from centralized administrative practices, and the desire to express overall value of promoting readily available comprehensive care (Lielber & McConnell, 2008). Mergers occur on a daily. Mergers are a type of horizontal integration. Horizontal integration combines two or more corporations together through mergers and acquisitions (Borkowski, 2005). Horizontal integration increases the merged organization market base (Cai & Obara, 2009). Competition plays a huge role in business. In each industry, organizations compete against one another to get a foothold in the market. Competition can be beneficial and detrimental to the success of organizations. Competition benefits organizations in that it keeps organizations current on the latest trends in technology and equipment. It can be detrimental in that it can cause organizations to take shortcuts in procedures that can be harmful to patients and consumers. Competition can cause management to only focus on being number one and maintaining that spot at whatever cost. Customers are left holding the bag when and suffer when organizations focus solely on competition instead of focusing meeting the needs of the customer. Some organizations and industries strive on competition. Their goal is to be the best in their field and industry. In the health care industry, competition can be beneficial if organizations maintain their focus on providing quality patient care. This paper will focus on the effects of merging a healthcare organization with a competitor. Discussions will focus on the impact the sale will have on the culture of the new organization, what I can do as a middle manager to ensure the combined staff will work together to provide quality care without taking on a competitive stance, and describing what the organization will look like in terms of systems and shape. I will begin by looking at the organization in terms of systems and shape. Description of the Organization When merging organizations, the systems and shape of the organization will change to reflect the combining of the organizations. When merging organizations you have to create a perfect blend of the two organizations to create the new organizations. The best qualities of the organizations need to be combined to make the new organization a success. The goal of a merger is to â€Å"achieve mutual benefits through synergies of mission, strategies, operations, and ultimately competitive and financial position† (Kaufman & Grube, p. 46, 2009). The new organization will combine the best assets of both organizations. Services not previously offered at one or the other organization will be offered at the new organization as a result of the change. The new inpatient and outpatient services offered will increase our patient base. Although we will be offering new services, we will also have to eliminate some services offered that are not used on a consistent basis. We will have to make cuts that will help sustain the new organization. We will also make cuts to staff. When combining organizations, some departments will have to be downsized and combined to meet the needs of the new organizations. The new organization will be structured in a way that we provide efficient quality care to our patients. Providing Quality Care â€Å"Mergers require a significant commitment on the part of leadership to understanding and addressing the challenges and potential risks inherent in such an undertaking—to both the acquiring entity and the acquired/partner-seeking organization† (Kaufman & Grube, p. 46, 2009). We have to work to find a balance between providing the new inpatient and outpatient services, while maintaining quality care. Management has to review the strengths and weaknesses of both organizations and apply the strengths to the new organization. As a middle manager, it is my job to ensure that the combined staff works well together. It is my job to listen to any concerns that staff may have about the merger and answer their questions to the best of my ability. I think the key to getting the combined staff to work together without taking a competitive stance is communication. To eliminate the competitive stance, I would hold a meeting with the new staff and give them an opportunity to discuss their concerns about working together. I would also have training seminars to make sure everyone is working to the best of their abilities and providing quality care. By realizing that there will be some minor hiccups caused the by the change, I am better prepared to handle the problems. When implementing a change to any aspect of the daily functioning of an organization it is important to realize that there will be some degree of uncertainty with the effectiveness of the change. This degree of uncertainty will be caused by the newness of the change and getting use to retiring the old operating standard (Hauptman & Tyre, 1992). It is important to face these uncertainties head-on in order to implement the change successfully. The competitive stance is caused by the degree of uncertainty, employees are unsure of how the merger will affect their job. They are afraid that the new staff will come in and take pushing them out of the way. I have to ensure the staff that we are a team and that we are all working toward the same goal of providing quality care to our patients. Providing quality care is the goal of the healthcare organization, the needs of the patients has to come first. Although healthcare organizations are a business and it is important that the business aspects of the organization are met, patient care is the main goal of healthcare organizations. The focus has to be on what is best for the patient, not how much business or publicity the organization will receive from being competitive. The merger will change every aspect of the organization; it is my job to bring unity to the new organization. The Culture of the New Organization The sale will have a huge impact on the new combined organization. Changes have to be implemented to support the new organization. Staffing and budget cuts have to be made in order to make the merger a success. The new organization has to combine the best aspects of both organizations to fill the void of what each organization was lacking. The new organization will focus on providing efficient quality services to their patients. The new organization will provide a competitive edge to the organization while maintaining quality care. The new organization will provide more services to patients that each organization could not previously provide. The combined organization will be able to create a stronger brand and reach more people. The new organization will be able to reach a larger patient base. More revenue will be gained by combining both organizations. The new organization will be able to provide care to more people in the community and surrounding communities. Conclusion In conclusion combining health care organizations will affect a larger number of people. Mergers require a commitment from both the acquiring organization and the acquired organization to work together to mutual benefits. Each organization enters into the merger to receive benefits they were not able to receive by themselves. Whether it is for financial reasons or to gain a competitive advantage, mergers are necessary for healthcare organizations to survive in today’s industry. â€Å"The healthcare industry has started to experience a musical chair situation. When the music stops, certain hospitals are going to find themselves without a chair† (Kaufman & Grube, p. 50, 2009). The hospitals without chairs have to merge in order to stay in the game. When merging, it is important to analyze the risks and benefits to ensure the success of the merger. To ensure success, the merger has to be mutually beneficial for all parties involved.